Which document outlines the security requirements for federal information systems?

The Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) publications play a crucial role in establishing the security requirements for federal information systems. These standards are developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as part of its mission to promote the U.S. government's adoption of standard practices in information technology and cybersecurity.

FIPS publications are binding for federal agencies and cover a wide range of topics related to information security, including cryptography, secure data storage, and access control. They provide specific guidelines that federal entities must follow to ensure that their information systems are secure and resilient against various threats.

In contrast, while the other options may discuss security practices and frameworks, they do not specifically outline the mandatory security requirements that federal information systems must adhere to. For instance, security policies are often situational and may vary by organization, the NIST Cybersecurity Framework serves as a guideline for managing cybersecurity risks but is not regulatory, and ISO guidelines provide international standards but are not specific to U.S. federal information systems.