What are Technical Controls primarily implemented through?

Technical controls are designed to protect systems and data through specific technological means. These controls are primarily implemented using hardware, software, or firmware components. For instance, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, encryption software, and antivirus programs are all examples of technical controls that directly facilitate security measures.

The emphasis on hardware, software, and firmware is critical because these elements are responsible for the actual enforcement of security protocols. They operate within the infrastructure of an organization to monitor, detect, and prevent unauthorized access or breaches. By leveraging these technological solutions, organizations can automate and enforce security policies effectively, ensuring a robust layer of defense for their information systems.

While other options, such as management tactics or physical security measures, play important roles in an overall security strategy, they do not encapsulate the essence of technical controls, which rely fundamentally on technology to carry out security functions.