What are low-impact, moderate-impact, and high-impact systems in FIPS 199?

Low-impact, moderate-impact, and high-impact systems in the context of FIPS 199 relate specifically to the potential consequences of security breaches on information systems. FIPS 199 (Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 199) establishes security categorization criteria for federal information systems based on the impact that a loss of confidentiality, integrity, or availability could have on organizational operations, assets, or individuals.

When a system is categorized as low-impact, it indicates that a security breach would have minimal adverse effects, such as minor inconvenience or limited financial loss. Moderate-impact systems, on the other hand, indicate a greater degree of negative consequences that could possibly affect the organization’s operations more significantly. High-impact systems represent the most serious potential consequences, where a security breach could result in severe damage, including loss of life, substantial harm to individuals, or catastrophic impacts on organizational functions.

This classification is essential for determining the appropriate security controls required to protect these information systems effectively. It helps organizations prioritize their resources and implement the necessary protections that align with the risk associated with each category.

The other options do not pertain to the established definitions within FIPS 199. They focus on hardware, user access levels, and training programs, which are separate considerations within the broader security