How is the security control baseline determined?

The determination of a security control baseline is fundamentally rooted in the categorization of the system being evaluated and the applicable security requirements that align with it. This process ensures that the selected controls are not only relevant but also tailored to the specific operational context and mission of the organization.

When a system is categorized based on its impact levels—such as low, moderate, or high—this categorization informs the necessary security controls that must be implemented to protect the data and maintain the integrity of the system in accordance with established frameworks and regulations. The applicable requirements may come from various standards such as NIST, ISO, or organizational policies, which have specific control families guiding what is necessary for that category.

By linking the choice of controls to the specific characteristics and requirements dictated by system categorization, organizations ensure that the security posture is effectively tailored to their needs while also remaining compliant with governing frameworks. This method is systematic and focused on risk management, unlike arbitrary or standardized approaches that might not take into account the unique aspects of the system in question.